![]() On the day before the first session of the National Congress, the incumbent General Secretary presides over a preparatory meeting of the congress's delegates. It additionally establishes a drafting committee that drafts the work report of the CCP general secretary, and also establishes a group that proposes amendments to the CCP constitution. This committee oversees the election of the few thousand delegates to the National Congress and prepares a list of candidates to be elected to the Central Committee and its bodies, including the Politburo, PSC, Secretariat and the Central Military Commission. The party rules state that just before the National Congress, a preparatory committee must be established by the Politburo, with the current general secretary of the CCP generally chairing the committee. For the National Congress, delegates are elected by the CCP's provincial level party congresses or their equivalent units in a selection process that is screened and supervised by the party's Organization Department as directed by the Politburo Standing Committee (PSC). Similar to the practice of the NPC, the delegates to the Congress are formally selected from grassroots party organizations, and like the NPC, there is a system of staggered elections in which one level of the party votes for the delegates to the next higher level. ![]() Because of the pyramid structure of the party and the existence of mandatory retirement ages, cadres who are not promoted at a party congress are likely to face the end of their political careers. Hence the party congress is a time of a general personnel reshuffle, and the climax of negotiations that involve not only the top leadership but practically all significant political positions in China. In addition, as people at the top level of the party retire, there is room for younger members of the party to move up one level. Each five-year cycle of the National People's Congress also has a series of plenums of the Central Committee which since the mid-1990s have been held more or less regularly once every year.įrom the mid-1980s to the late-2010s, the CCP has attempted to maintain a smooth and orderly succession and avoiding a cult of personality, by having a major shift in personnel every ten years in even number party congresses, and by promoting people in preparation for this shift in odd number party congresses. In practice, however, only slightly more candidates than open seats are nominated for the Central Committee, limiting the Congress's role in the selection process to eliminating very unpopular candidates. The Congress formally approves the membership of the Central Committee, a body composed of the top decision-makers in the party, state, and society. In the past two decades the National Congress of the CCP has been pivotal at least as a symbolic part of leadership changes, and therefore has gained international media attention. The Congress is the public venue for top-level leadership changes in the CCP and the formal event for changes to the Party's Constitution. The venue for the event, beginning in 1956, is the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. Since 1987 the National Congress has been held in the months of October or November. The National Congress is theoretically the highest body within the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). The National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party ( Chinese: 中国共产党全国代表大会 pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Quánguó Dàibiǎo Dàhuì literally: Chinese Communist Party National Representatives Congress) is a party congress that is held every five years.
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